LINUX AWK Tutorial Series | Chapter 10
Hello and Welcome to Chapter 10 of this series.
In this post, I am going to talk about the Multi-Dimensional Array. Please study previously posted sessions to understand better.
Multi-Dimensional Array is defined by a sequence of multiple indices. So, If I say 2-dimensional array so it would be having 2 indices.
The indices are concatenated with a separator. This separator is a built-in variable as SUBSEP.
Indices are converted as single strings.
example:
fun[1,2]="Value"
Numbers 1 and 2 are converted as strings.
If value of SUBSEP is # , it will set fun["1#2"] to "value"
Default value fo SUBSEP is "\034". It is a not printing character. It will not appear in data.
Example1:
How to declare a 2-dimensional array.
Col1 Col2
Row1 X A
Row2 Y B
Syntax:
ma is my array name
awk 'BEGIN {ma[1,1]="X";ma[1,2]="A";ma[2,1]="Y";ma[2,2]="B"}'
Example2:
Print an array value
[himanshu@oel7 AWK]$ awk 'BEGIN {ma[1,1]="X";ma[1,2]="A";ma[2,1]="Y";ma[2,2]="B"; print ma[2,1]}'
Y
Example3:
How to find out if an index sequence is present in a Multi-dimensional array.
We will use IN operator, I have explained that in the previous single dimensional array.
I have created an AWK script and executed it. The indexes should be parenthesis and separated by comma(,)
[himanshu@oel7 AWK]$ cat multi_array
BEGIN {
ma[1,1]="X";ma[1,2]="A";ma[2,1]="Y";ma[2,2]="B"; print ma[2,1]
if((2,1) in ma)
print "(2,1) present in MA"
else
print "(2,1) not present in MA"
}
[himanshu@oel7 AWK]$ awk -f multi_array
Y
(2,1) present in MA
Example4:
Create Transpose of a Matrix. We have studied that in Maths. It is created by converting the rows to columns and columns to rows.
AWK script:
[himanshu@oel7 AWK]$ cat transpose_array
{
if (max_nf < NF)
max_nf = NF
max_nr = NR
for (x = 1; x <= NF; x++)
matrix[NR, x] = $x
}
END {
for (col = 1; col <= max_nf; col++) {
for (row = 1; row <= max_nr; row++)
printf("%s ", matrix[row, col])
printf("\n")
}
}
The file containing 2D array
[himanshu@oel7 AWK]$ cat 2d-array
1 2 3 4
5 5 7 9
9 10 14 12
Executing AWK now
if you observe array has been transposed.
Split Function in Array
It is used to split the string into pieces. Place various pieces into an array.
Syntax: split(string,arr,sep)
String: String to be chopped
arr: name of the array
sep: separator
Try to understand the below at home now
[himanshu@oel7 AWK]$ cat split_array
BEGIN{
a[1,1]="A";a[1,2]="B";a[2,1]="C"; a[2,2]="D"
for (iterator in a) {
split(iterator,arr,SUBSEP)
print arr[1] "," arr[2]
}
}
[himanshu@oel7 AWK]$ awk -f split_array
2,1
2,2
1,1
1,2
More chapters to follow
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